Hydrothermal synthesis of iron oxides in the presence of catecholate capping agent for supercapacitor electrodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is used as a capping agent for hydrothermal synthesis of iron oxides from FeCl 2 and FeCl 3 solutions. Iron oxide nanoparticles are utilized for the fabrication of supercapacitor anodes with mass loading of 40 mgcm −2 for operation in 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte. Nanoparticles of γ-Fe 2 O 3 , prepared from FeCl 2 solutions show ferrimagnetic properties and highest electrochemical capacitance of 4.49 Fcm −2 . The synthesis from FeCl 3 solutions results in the formation of antiferromagnetic α-Fe 2 O 3 phase at low CA concentrations, its transformation to the metastable γ-Fe 2 O 3 with increasing CA concentration and highest electrochemical capacitance of 4.35 Fcm −2 . The increase in CA concentration in solutions results in increasing capacitance and decreasing resistance. The obtained γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles exhibit valuable magnetic and electrical charge storage properties that are significantly superior to those of other magnetoelectric materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".