A Tubo-Ovarian Abscess Caused by <i>Salmonella enterica</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a serious complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is usually associated with polymicrobial infections, with a predominance of anaerobic bacteria. Salmonella species are rarely associated with TOA, as only 11 cases have been documented in the literature. We present the case of an 18-year-old virgin who contracted a Salmonella enterica (S. enterica)-induced TOA. After experiencing an episode of gastroenteritis 13 days earlier, attributed to chicken consumption, the patient revealed severe abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea and vomiting. A right adnexal mass was found by imaging, and symptoms continued even after starting broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. For this reason, an exploratory laparotomy was considered crucial, and it confirmed a right TOA, necessitating surgical management, including a right salpingectomy and abscess drainage. Postoperative cultures identified S. enterica as the causative organism. The patient recovered uneventfully after targeted antibiotic therapy. A Salmonella-associated TOA was observed in a non-sexually active patient, with the most probable route of transmission being an ascending infection following recent gastroenteritis. No underlying gynecological pathology was found. Since unspecific symptoms of TOA might imitate those of other acute abdominal disorders, this article emphasizes the difficulties in diagnosing this pathology in sexually inactive patients. Including rare pathogens such as Salmonella species in the differential diagnosis of TOA is essential. Early recognition, combined with appropriate surgical treatment, is critical for a successful outcome if conservative management fails.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".