Cryogenic $\text{In}_{0.8} \text{Ga}_{0.2} \text{As}$ Quantum-Well High-Electron Mobility Transistors from Lowpower Quantum Computing to Tera-Hz Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present cryogenic <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{In}_{0.8} \text{Ga}_{0.2} \text{As}$</tex> QW HEMTs with a gate length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\left(L_{g}\right)$</tex> of 35 nm, achieving a record combination of low-power and high-frequency performance. A meticulous modeling of source resistance <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\left(R_{s}\right)$</tex> incorporating ballistic channel resistance (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\left.R_{\text {ball }}\right)$</tex> - provides key insights for advancing low-power quantum computing and terahertz (THz) applications. At 4 K, the fabricated device exhibits exceptional performance metrics, including a minimum subthreshold-swing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\left(S_{\min }\right)$</tex> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$4.41 \text{mV} / \text{dec}$</tex>., a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$g_{m_{-} \max }$</tex> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2.49 \text{mS} / \mu \mathrm{m}$</tex>, and the highest record <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$f_{T}$</tex> of 813 GHz, with an average gain-bandwidth product (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$f_{\text {avg }}$</tex>) of 810 GHz. These results stem from a tightly controlled gate-recess process, minimizing the side length (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$L_{\text {side }}$</tex>) to below 20 nm. Delay-time analysis indicates further THz performance can be achieved by scaled <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$L_{g}$</tex> below 20 nm and reducing fringing gate capacitance (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$C_{\mathrm{g}\_\text{fringe }}$</tex>) by 20 %. This work demonstrates the potential of cryogenic <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{In}_{0.8} \text{Ga}_{0.2}$</tex> As QW HEMTs to revolutionize quantum computing and THz electronics
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".