Single-Feed Multipolarized Dual Planar High-Gain mm-Wave Modulated Metasurface Antenna

A novel, homogeneous multiphase conjugation technique is adopted in this letter to obtain single-feed multibeam multipolarized dual planar high-gain impedance-modulated metasurface antenna (IMMA). Comprehensive analytical discussion on non-homogeneous surface impedance ($Z_{{\mathrm{surf}}}$) distribution to obtain multipolarized distinct beams from the proposed single-feed metasurface is presented in this article. The proposed IMMA operating at$f_{r}= 25\,\text{GHz}$with an overall dimension of 18${{\lambda }_0} \times $18${{\lambda }_0}$, yields highly directive symmetric multibeam patterns toward (${{\theta }_n}$,${{\varphi }_n}$) = {(0$^\circ $, 0$^\circ $), (−28$^\circ $, 0$^\circ $), (28$^\circ $, 0$^\circ $), (−28$^\circ $, 90$^\circ $), (28$^\circ $, 90$^\circ $)}, oriented along two orthogonal azimuth planes (i.e.,$\varphi $= 0$^\circ $and 90$^\circ $) with a peak gain$(g_{\max}) = 21.21\,\text{dBi}$. In terms of the choice of polarization, individual beam patterns at$\varphi $= 0$^\circ $and 90$^\circ $exhibit circular [i.e., left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right-hand circular polarization (RHCP)] and linearly polarized [i.e., horizontal polarization (HP) and vertical polarization (VP)] radiation patterns. However, the central beam ({${{\theta }_n}$,${{\varphi }_n}$} = {0$^\circ $, 0$^\circ $}) remains circularly polarized and shares both$\varphi $= 0$^\circ $and 90$^\circ $azimuthal plane. Both full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation and measured results indicate$ \leq $−25 dB cross-polarization isolation with an average half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of$\sim $3.64$^\circ $each.

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