GCN-Based Throughput-Oriented Handover Management in Dense 5G Vehicular Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rapid advancement of 5G has transformed vehicular networks, offering high bandwidth, low latency, and fast data rates essential for real-time applications in smart cities and vehicles. These improvements enhance traffic safety and entertainment services. However, 5G's limited coverage and frequent handovers, causing network instability from the “pingpong effect,” pose challenges in high-mobility environments. This paper presents TH-GCN (Throughput-oriented Graph Convolutional Network), a novel approach for optimizing handover management in dense 5G networks. Utilizing graph neural networks (GNNs), TH-GCN models vehicles and base stations as nodes in a dynamic graph with enriched features like signal quality, throughput, vehicle speed, and base station load. Integrating both user equipment and base station perspectives, this dualcentric approach enables adaptive, real-time handover decisions that improve stability. Simulations show that TH-GCN reduces handovers by up to 78% and improves signal quality by 10%, outperforming existing methods and positioning it as a key advancement in 5G vehicular networks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".