Effectiveness of Lost Circulation Materials (LCM) in Strengthening Fractured (or Faulted) Formations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Faulted and fractured formations are regularly encountered during drilling operations in both onshore and offshore environments. While these formations do not always create issues, their impacts can be significant when lost circulation events or weak casing shoes are observed. In this paper, we present two distinctly different case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of our lost circulation materials (LCM) deployment strategy for faulted or fractured formations. Our first case study shows how we successfully strengthened a weaker than expected casing shoe set in a tight (impermeable) but highly fractured formation by at least 1.5 ppg in an onshore setting; while our second example will focus on how we successfully cured and strengthened a massive lost circulation event when we drilled through a fault zone within a depleted reservoir in an offshore environment. These successful LCM treatments have demonstrated the robustness of our evidence-based LCM selection and deployment strategy against fractured and faulted formations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".