Immunomodulatory effect of CD71+ erythroid cells in patients with kidney failure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: erythroid cells are known to modulate immune responses. However, their immunomodulatory effects in kidney failure patients remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the frequencies of CD71 + erythroid cells, Th1, Th2, Th17 cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), as well as the impact of CD71 + erythroid cells on the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of kidney failure patients. METHODS: PBMCs were isolated from 49 kidney failure patients and 20 healthy subjects. The frequencies of T cell subsets and CD71 + erythroid cells were determined by flow cytometry. The numbers of reticulocytes and RBCs were also measured. Panel-reactive antibodies screening was used to assess antibodies against human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) in the patients. The effect of CD71 + erythroid cells on PBMC proliferation in kidney failure patients was investigated using a CFSE labeling assay. Erythropoietin level was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Kidney failure patients showed a significant increase in CD71 + erythroid cells (P < 0.01). In contrast, the frequencies of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells were significantly reduced in these patients (P < 0.01-0.05). Among CD4 + T subsets, Th1 cell frequency was inversely correlated with the number of CD71 + erythroid cells (P < 0.05). In vitro, CD71 + erythroid cells inhibited the proliferation of PMBCs in kidney failure patients (P < 0.0001-0.05). No significant difference was observed in Treg frequencies between patients and controls. The frequency of CD71 + erythroid cells was significantly decreased in kidney failure patients with anti-HLA antibodies, unlike patients without anti-HLA antibodies (P < 0.001). The patients had an increased number of reticulocytes, unlike RBC, in peripheral blood compared with healthy subjects (P < 0.01-0.05). The patients exhibited a reduction in erythropoietin level compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest CD71 + erythroid cells may contribute to immune dysregulation in kidney failure patients, potentially playing a role in disease progression and its immunopathology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".