Working Part-Time: Earnings Penalties Among People with Disabilities Across Occupational Groups in France
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although part-time work can provide important accommodations and flexibility for people with disabilities, the rise of contingent labor has left many of these workers in lower-paid jobs that are often associated with manual labor or routine service work. Why do people with disabilities work part-time? What are the benefits and drawbacks of part-time work, and do these vary across occupations? Using data from the 2013–2019 French Labor Force Survey (N = 122,033), we find that people with disabilities are more likely to work part-time across occupations, citing health reasons or the lack of full-time work opportunities. These higher rates of part-time work contribute to disability-related earnings gaps, but even among part-time workers, people with disabilities earn less than those without disabilities and experience wage penalties that can vary across occupations. By focusing on the reasons for part-time work and its effects across occupational groups, our analysis highlights structural factors—beyond disability status—that shape employment outcomes and are not fully addressed by equal pay policies for part- and full-time workers.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it