Movement ecology of bull trout and lake trout reveals divergent depth use in Williston Lake, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Williston Lake, BC, a large hydropower reservoir in the Peace River basin, recent lake trout population increases pose a concern for endemic bull trout. Using pressure-sensing acoustic transmitters, I examined the depth distributions of bull trout, lake trout, and kokanee (a prey fish species) to provide insight into the ecology of these predatory congeners. Populations exhibited divergent depth-use across seasons, with lake trout consistently occupying deeper habitats than bull trout. The vertical distributions of kokanee were intermediate to both consumer species but exhibited greater overlap with lake trout than bull trout. These results suggest that that bull trout may not selectively forage on kokanee, and lake trout may have a competitive advantage for access to kokanee prey resources in Williston Lake. While these findings suggest the possibility of coexistence for these top predators, investigating interspecific resource conflicts is recommended to better understand threats to bull trout in the system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".