Discussions of the First Canadian Citizenship Act: A Comprehensive Exploration of Inclusion and Absence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis analyzes citizenship debates in Canada in the wake of the Second World War. Adopting a comprehensive approach using both digital and traditional methods to analyze the discussions leading to the passing of the first Canadian Citizenship Act, this thesis explores when and how parliamentarians discussed the concerns of identifiable groups, if at all. Topic models and word frequencies were used to identify popular terms and topics corroborated by traditional reading of parliamentary records to demonstrate absence and exclusion. This comprehensive approach demonstrated that parliamentarians did discuss citizenship as it related to women and Japanese Canadians. However, citizenship was not considered regarding other groups such as Indigenous peoples who were only mentioned in passing. This thesis reinforces the perception that early citizenship debates in Canada focused largely on ideal subjects despite the transition from subjects to citizens was meant to result in a greater sense of belonging for all.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.095 | 0.038 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.014 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".