Biological and Environmental Factors Associated with Developmental Coordination Disorder in Mexican Children from National Rehabilitation Institute: A Case-Control Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) significantly affects a child's ability to learn and perform everyday self-care and academic tasks. It is reported to be more prevalent in children born in an adverse prenatal environment, such as extremely low birth weight or prematurity, although the potential mechanisms have not been explicitly described. There is a screening instrument for DCD that was developed in Canada for parents, and which already has a Spanish version, is the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ '07). The DCDQ '07 has a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 71%. The aim of the study was to describe the demographic characteristics of the built-in sample: age, gender, and comorbidities, as well as to determine possible clinical and socio-environmental risk factors involved in developmental coordination disorder. Materials and Methods: A case-control analysis was conducted, including patients with probable diagnosis of DCD, aging between 5-11 years, from the Pediatric Rehabilitation Service. As a result of the assessment in the consultation, the Developmental Coordination Disorder Screening Questionnaire (DCDQ '07) was applied. Once applied, an analysis was made to determine biological and environmental risk factors, both in patients with suspected DCD (score between 15-46) and in those who probably did not have DCD (score between 47-75). A comparison of means was made with Student´s t test and Mann-Whitney U test after proving normality with Kolmogorov-Smirnov. It was possible to apply a Linear Regression model by including the variables with p = 0.15 as a maximum. With a sample of 73 patients, 44 cases of children with probable DCD and 29 controls (healthy children). Results: Children with probable DCD were found to have 6.2 times more exposure to risk of preterm labor and 7.0 times more exposure to cesarean delivery; 18.2% were dystocic deliveries, versus 0% of controls; furthermore, it is noteworthy that the risk of being a child of a single mother was 6.0 times greater, and 9 times that of belonging to a dysfunctional family and having a low socioeconomic status. As expected, gestational age and birth weight were significantly lower in cases of probable DCD. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the main factors associated in Mexican children with the diagnosis of probable DCD are low Apgar score, risk of preterm labor and risk of miscarriage, relevant factors were to be born to a single mother and to belong to a dysfunctional family.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".