In-situ self-assembly of hole transport monolayer during crystallization for efficient single-crystal perovskite solar cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Single-crystal perovskite solar cells (SC-PSCs) are emerging as a promising technology owing to their intrinsically low defect densities, long carrier diffusion lengths, and enhanced stability compared to their polycrystalline counterpart. However, their performance has been limited by interface-related losses, particularly at the perovskite/charge transport layer, which hinders effective hole extraction and promotes non-radiative recombination. In this work, we introduce a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) deposition strategy that exploits an asymmetric substrate stack configuration during space-confined inverse temperature crystallization (SC-ITC). This configuration triggers an in-situ migration of SAM molecules from the SAM-coated substrate to the uncoated substrate, resulting in a denser and more homogeneous SAM coating than the conventional spin-coating method can achieve. The improved SAM coverage significantly enhances hole extraction. Consequently, our SC-PSCs achieved power conversion efficiency as high as 24.32%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".