The Clinical Burden of Preterm Labour: A Systematic Literature Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives To summarise real‐world estimates of maternal and infant clinical burden, health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQoL) impacts, and features of preterm birth (PTB) after preterm labour (PTL) from selected high‐resource countries; as while studies evaluating outcomes after PTB show substantial clinical consequences, similar data among individuals experiencing PTB due to PTL have not been synthesised. Methods and Materials A systematic search was implemented in MEDLINE Ovid and Embase from 01Jan2012‐10Dec2024. Observational studies reporting clinical or HRQoL outcomes, or features of birth among mothers giving birth preterm due to PTL and infants born preterm due to PTL were included. Outcomes were descriptively summarised by outcome and affected population. Results All 19 included studies described features of PTB after PTL; eight reported clinical outcomes after PTL with PTB. Most studies restricted to cohorts of singleton infants/pregnancies. Estimates of neonatal mortality ( n = 5 studies) ranged from 0% to 20%. Serious neonatal complications (e.g., grade 3/4 retinopathy of prematurity [in 6%–9%] and bronchopulmonary dysplasia [in 13%–16%]) were reported within 28 days of birth ( n = 4 studies). By 2 years of age, those born preterm after PTL typically had normal behavioural development ( n = 2 studies). No data on maternal outcomes, clinical outcomes for the child beyond 2 years of age, or HRQoL impacts were identified. Conclusions Few studies have examined the clinical burden associated with PTB after PTL, and no study has investigated HRQoL impacts. Robust longitudinal studies linking PTL to long‐term outcomes are needed to fully understand the clinical burden of PTB resulting from PTL. PROSPERO CRD42022363314.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.051 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.022 | 0.018 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".