Microneedle Delivery of Small Extracellular Vesicles From Young Blood to Treat Endothelial Senescence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in mediating communication between different cell populations and organs, significantly influencing inflammation and vascular diseases. To evaluate the role of EVs in regulating senescence, small EVs isolated from umbilical cord plasma (young sEVs, Y-sEVs) are compared with those from the plasma of elderly individuals (old sEVs, O-sEVs, >70 years old) to identify key cargo components. To investigate their effects on senescence, Y-sEVs or O-sEVs are administered to aged mice using transdermal microneedle patches, enabling sustained EV release into the circulation. Doxorubicin is administered to induce enhanced endothelial senescence in aged mice (22-24 months old). Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that Y-sEV treatment downregulated senescence-related genes in endothelial cells decreased the proportion of activated fibroblasts in the heart, and reduced disease-associated microglia in the brain. Delivery of Y-sEVs via microneedle patches preserved endothelial cell function, and mitigated inflammation and senescence, whereas O-sEVs exacerbated endothelial dysfunction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".