Exploratory testing of the tensile behaviour and displacement capacity of grouted dowel connection under monotonic and cyclic loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The growing use of precast concrete shear walls in multi-story buildings across Canada and globally requires an understanding of the seismic behaviour of these walls and the development of design guidelines to ensure their adequacy. As grouted dowel connections are the most commonly used connection type in North America, understanding their response is critical, as connection performance significantly affects the overall seismic behaviour of the wall system. This paper presents an experimental study exploring the uniaxial cyclic response and deformation capacity of grouted dowel connections. The study contained two sets of six specimens: four representing a grouted dowel connection and part of the panel section, and two monolithic cast-in-place specimens. The strength ratio between the connection and panel section was varied. The first set was tested under monotonic tension, while the second set was subjected to quasi-static cyclic loading. Although the grouted dowel connection splice showed lower displacement capacity under monotonic loading, it exhibited comparable performance to the monolithic splice under cyclic loading. Results were also compared to existing strain penetration models, which failed to accurately capture deformations under both loading conditions. Deformations were normalized to a typical inter-story height to enable consistent comparison of the connection performance. Weak connections exhibited up to 25 % of the cast-in-place system's elongation capacity, whereas strong connections achieved approximately 95 %.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".