Clinical and safety outcomes following endovascular treatment for large ischemic core stroke with Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score 3–5 in the 12-to 24-h time window
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Although the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) for large-core ischemic stroke have been proven, most trials used perfusion imaging or included early-window patients, limiting generalizability to the late window, particularly in developing countries. AIM: We aimed to evaluate the safety and functional outcomes of EVT in large-core stroke patients treated between 12 and 24 h (late window) from last known well (LKW). METHODS: We conducted a prospective, multicenter observational study across four comprehensive stroke centers in Vietnam, enrolling consecutive patients who underwent EVT within 24 h of symptom onset between August 2023 and September 2024. Large core was defined by an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) of 3 to 5 on non-contrast computerized tomography (NCCT) or diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI). Patients who underwent EVT within 12-24 h after LKW were compared to those treated before 12 h (early window). Primary and safety outcomes were independent ambulation (90-day modified Rankin scale (mRS) = 0-3) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Secondary outcomes were 90-day mRS 0-2, ordinal mRS, successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score ⩾2b, early neurological deterioration (END)), and 90-day mortality. RESULTS: Of 1872 patients receiving EVT, 343 with large ischemic cores (median age = 64.0 years, 33.8% female) were included, with 103 (30.0%) treated in the 12- to 24-h window. Compared to early-window patients, late-window patients had lower rates of intravenous thrombolysis (2.9% vs. 32.9%, p < 0.001), higher brain MRI use (51.5% vs. 16.2%, p < 0.001), and longer pre-treatment imaging-to-groin puncture times (106 vs. 77 min, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, there were no significant differences in 90-day mRS 0-3 (56.3% vs. 55.0%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.39-1.28, p = 0.26), ordinal mRS (aOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.78-1.90, p = 0.39), and sICH (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.32-3.50, p = 0.85). Other secondary outcomes were also similar. CONCLUSION: In patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke and low ASPECTS, EVT at 12-24 h versus <12 h from symptom onset showed no significant differences in clinical or safety outcomes. Larger trials are needed to confirm these findings, especially in developing regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".