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Record W4413055173 · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2025.2543548

Addressing educational overload with generative AI through dual coding and cognitive load theories

2025· article· en· W4413055173 on OpenAlexaff
Neil Mehta, Jennifer Benjamin, Anoop Agrawal, Sofia Valanci, Ken Masters, Heather MacNeill

Bibliographic record

VenueMedical Teacher · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicArtificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Canadian institutionsUniversity of TorontoToronto Metropolitan UniversityRoyal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCognitive loadComputer scienceTransformative learningCurriculumGenerative grammarInstructional designGenerative modelMultimediaCoding (social sciences)Information overloadCognitionArtificial intelligencePsychologyPedagogyWorld Wide Web

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

WHAT WAS THE EDUCATION CHALLENGE?: Health professions education faces a critical challenge: the volume and complexity of medical knowledge has outpaced the cognitive limits of learners. Cognitive load theory indicates that traditional text-heavy instruction overloads the working memory. Current educational materials fail to leverage the dual coding theory which proposes that content should be presented through both verbal and visual channels. WHAT WAS THE SOLUTION AND HOW WAS IT IMPLEMENTED?: Generative AI tools enable the creation of multimodal educational content. Platforms such as ChatGPT, Gemini, NotebookLM, and HeyGen enable the creation of multimodal educational content - audio summaries, interactive mind maps, infographics, narrated videos, and voice-based interactions - designed to improve information processing in the working memory. Multimodal AI-generated content potentially enhances comprehension, retention and learning efficiency, and provides scalable, easily updated resources. These tools align with Generation Z learning preferences and can be integrated into existing curricula to transform text heavy content into multimodal engaging content. These tools can be used by faculty and learners,with minimal technical expertise or time investment. WHAT LESSONS WERE LEARNED AND WHAT ARE THE NEXT STEPS?: To ensure success, institutions must provide faculty and learners training, with consistent access, and evaluate outcomes. Pilot programs with iterative feedback can guide thoughtful implementation. By aligning educational strategies with cognitive science principles, generative AI can play a transformative role in addressing educational overload and creating more effective, engaging learning environments.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.321
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.152
GPT teacher head0.475
Teacher spread0.324 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations11
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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