Prophylactic antimicrobials administered in rams before elective castration are detectable in resected tissues and unlikely indicated under aseptic conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To report the incidence of intraoperative surgical site positive bacterial cultures and occurrence of postoperative infection following elective castration in rams and to measure, in different units, the concentrations of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline in resected tissues following preoperative SC administration. Methods: In January and February 2016, healthy rams were enrolled before elective castration and were randomly assigned to the control group (saline) or subcutaneous treatment groups (22,000 IU/kg of procaine benzylpenicillin, 6.6 mg/kg of ampicillin trihydrate, or 6.6 mg/kg of oxytetracycline dihydrate administered within 2 hours before resection of the tissues). Excised tissues were sampled to measure drug concentrations by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The surgical site was swabbed at the end of the procedure for anaerobic and aerobic cultures. Rams were monitored for 2 weeks after surgery. The tissues' weight-to-volume ratio in 10 additional rams was measured in May 2022 to allow conversion of drug concentration from ng/g to µg/mL. Results: No microbial growth or postoperative complications were detected in 46 rams. The concentration of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline was successfully measured in all tissues and reported in ng/mL and µg/mL. Conclusions: Prophylactic administration of antimicrobials is unlikely indicated for elective castration in rams in a hospital setting. Concentrations of antimicrobials were detected in resected tissues within 2 hours after SC injection. The relevance of the conversion of drug concentration from ng/g to µg/mL needs further investigation. Clinical Relevance: Avoiding prophylactic administration of antimicrobials for elective castration aligns with the principles of antimicrobial stewardship. Without sound rationales, extralabel routes of injection should be discouraged in rams undergoing castration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".