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Record W4413063224 · doi:10.53063/synsint.2025.51205

Synthesis, sintering and electrical properties of Li1+xGdxZr2-x(PO4)3 solid electrolytes for Li-ion batteries

2025· article· en· W4413063224 on OpenAlex
Zahra Khakpour, M. Farvizi, Nima Naderi, Abouzar Massoudi

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueSynthesis and Sintering · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicAdvancements in Battery Materials
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersMaterials and Energy Research Center
KeywordsMaterials scienceSpark plasma sinteringElectrolyteIonic conductivitySinteringFast ion conductorScanning electron microscopeLithium (medication)Chemical engineeringIonPhase (matter)Ionic bondingAnalytical Chemistry (journal)MetallurgyComposite materialChemistryPhysical chemistryElectrode

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In this study, the electrical characteristics of spark plasma sintered Li1+xMxZr2-x(PO4)3 solid electrolytes, underlining the impacts of gadolinium (Gd) substitution on lithium-ion battery performance in comparison to conventionally sintered samples. The samples with different amounts of Gd (x= 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) were sintered by both SPS and conventional methods and characterized using advanced techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for microstructural analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase detection, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental analysis. A significant improvement in densification and a subsequent reduction in porosity are observed in the SPSed samples, which is the main reason for their enhanced structural integrity. However, this increase in densification is accompanied by a complex relationship in which the presence of Gd may hinder ionic transport compared to conventionally sintered samples. Optimizing the Gd content to balance ionic conductivity and structural stability, which supports the development of solid electrolytes for lithium-ion battery applications, was emphasized.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.031
Threshold uncertainty score0.963

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.012
GPT teacher head0.232
Teacher spread0.221 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it