Synthesis, sintering and electrical properties of Li1+xGdxZr2-x(PO4)3 solid electrolytes for Li-ion batteries
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, the electrical characteristics of spark plasma sintered Li1+xMxZr2-x(PO4)3 solid electrolytes, underlining the impacts of gadolinium (Gd) substitution on lithium-ion battery performance in comparison to conventionally sintered samples. The samples with different amounts of Gd (x= 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) were sintered by both SPS and conventional methods and characterized using advanced techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for microstructural analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase detection, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental analysis. A significant improvement in densification and a subsequent reduction in porosity are observed in the SPSed samples, which is the main reason for their enhanced structural integrity. However, this increase in densification is accompanied by a complex relationship in which the presence of Gd may hinder ionic transport compared to conventionally sintered samples. Optimizing the Gd content to balance ionic conductivity and structural stability, which supports the development of solid electrolytes for lithium-ion battery applications, was emphasized.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it