Comparative dielectric behavior of PEGs with varying molecular weights (200–600) in DMSO via time-domain reflectometry
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the dielectric behavior and complex permittivity of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with molecular weights of 200, 300, 400, and 600 g mol −1 in binary mixtures with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) using time-domain reflectometry (TDR) in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 30 GHz. The static dielectric constant (ε 0 ) and relaxation time (τ) were evaluated to understand the impact of PEG chain length on solvation dynamics. The Cole–Davidson model was employed to fit the measured dielectric spectra. The excess static dielectric constant (ε 0 ) E and inverse excess relaxation time (1/τ) E were analyzed to assess deviations from ideal mixing behavior and cooperative dipole interactions in the system. The results indicate that increasing PEG molecular weight leads to systematic variations in dielectric properties, attributed to differences in hydrogen bonding and segmental mobility. The findings provide insights into the solvation behavior of PEG in DMSO, with implications for solvent design in biophysical and industrial applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it