Single-lobe steering of blue light with an active optical phased array
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Integrated optical phased arrays for visible light have applications in displays, underwater communication, and biophotonics. However, the emitter pitch required for single-lobe emission is challenging to realize, given the feature size limitations of conventional silicon photonics fabrication. Here, we use a free-propagation region slab, which acts as a spatial filter, to achieve single-lobe steering at = 488 nm. We demonstrate an optical phased array consisting of a thermo-optically tuned end-fire waveguide array coupled to a slab grating emitter and show a single-lobe beam-steering range of 52.8° with an average sidelobe level of −11.6 dB. In this proof-of-concept device, the number of resolvable spots is limited to 15 by the end-fire array size, and scaling simulations of this device architecture are presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".