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Record W4413097060 · doi:10.1088/1361-6587/adf0f5

Effect of CT fuel deposition on the plasma density profile in the HL-3 tokamak

2025· article· en· W4413097060 on OpenAlex
Qilong Dong, Tao Lan, C. Xiao, Chen Chen, Jie Zhang, Yongkang Zhou, Adil Yolbarsop, Lei Xue, Jie Wu, Ting Long, L. Nie, Chunliu Zhao, Pengcheng Lu, Tianxiong Wang, Peng Deng, Xingkang Wang, Zeqi Bai, Yuhua Huang, Xiaohui Wen, Hai Wang, Wenzhe Mao, Chu Zhou, A. D. Liu, Zhengwei Wu, Z.B. Shi, Wei Chen, W.L. Zhong, Min Xu, Xuru Duan, Jinlin Xie, Weixing Ding, Wandong Liu, G. Zhuang

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenuePlasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicMagnetic confinement fusion research
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Saskatchewan
FundersFundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesChina Postdoctoral Science FoundationNational Natural Science Foundation of China
KeywordsTokamakSpherical tokamakPlasmaPenetration (warfare)Materials scienceFusionDeposition (geology)Penetration depthNuclear engineeringComputational physicsMechanicsPhysicsNuclear physicsOpticsMathematics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Direct fuelling of the core region of a tokamak by compact torus (CT) injection plays a crucial role for fuelling and burning efficiency in a fusion reactor. However, the penetration and deposition processes of CT in fusion devices involve complex physical mechanisms. The objective of this study is to investigate the dynamic behavior of CT in a tokamak and assess the impact of fuel particle deposition on the bulk plasma parameters profiles, based on fundamental physical mechanisms and actual injection scenarios. This article reports a study which, for the first time, investigates (a) the penetration of a CT in a tokamak with the realistic peaked temperature and density profiles, (b) the influence of magnetic tension force on the CT trajectory and penetration parameters is evaluated, and (c) the effect of CT particle deposition on the tokamak density profile assuming that CT deposits its particles at a constant time rate without changing other CT parameters. A new dynamic model is proposed here to describe the penetration mechanism of CT in fusion devices. This model combines elements of the conducting sphere (CS) model and the nonslipping sphere (NS) model, while also accounting for realistic injection scenarios. The simulations use the HL-3 tokamak configuration as an example, assuming tangential CT injection on the mid-plane. By comparing the CT penetration depth estimated from the new dynamic model with that from the original model, a radial penetration difference of 0.23 m is observed, which corresponds to 35% of the HL-3 tokamak’ s small radius of 0.65 m. Furthermore, the effect of the profiles of the tokamak plasma parameters and CT fuel particle deposition is discussed. The reduced MHD drag force in the outer region with lower temperature and density facilitates CT penetration, while the loss of CT particles and thus the directional CT momentum along the injection direction hinders CT penetration. In a particular set of assumptions, CT penetration depth decreases by 31% when considering the deposition of CT particles compared to the case when the particle deposition is not considered. Finally, the analyses and simulations reveal that CT injection preferentially modifies tokamak density profile at the deepest CT penetration location in the central region.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.875
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.236
Teacher spread0.231 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it