Multi-Modal Protein Representation Learning with CLASP
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Effectively integrating data modalities pertaining to proteins’ amino acid sequences, three-dimensional structures, and curated text-based descriptions of their biochemical and functional properties can lead to informative representations capturing different views of proteins. Here, we introduce CLASP, a unified tri-modal framework that combines the strengths of geometric deep learning, natural large language models (LLMs), protein language models (pLMs), and contrastive learning to learn informative protein representations based on their structure, amino acid sequence, and text-based biochemical and functional descriptions. We show that CLASP enables accurate zero-shot classification and retrieval tasks, such as matching a protein structure to its sequence or description, outperforming state-of-the-art baselines. CLASP embeddings also exhibit superior clustering by protein family, and ablation studies confirm that all three modalities contribute synergistically to performance. Our results highlight the power of integrating structural, sequential, and textual signals in a single model, establishing CLASP as a general-purpose embedding framework for protein understanding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".