A hypovirulence-associated capsidless bi-segmented ssRNA mycovirus enhances melanin and microsclerotial production in a vascular phytopathogenic fungus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mycoviruses are increasingly recognized for their multifaceted roles in fungal ecology, because of advances in understanding of their biology and molecular features. In this research, we identified and characterized two capsidless, bi-segmented positive-sense RNA mycoviruses: Verticillium dahliae ormycovirus 1 (VdOMV1) and VdOMV2, both of which infect Verticillium dahliae, a fungal pathogen causing vascular wilt of cotton. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that VdOMV1 and VdOMV2 cluster within the ormycovirus group, an evolutionary lineage unique to Riboviria. VdOMV2 may significantly enhanced V. dahliae melanin production and microsclerotial formation through regulating melanin synthesis-associated genes. This mediated the conversion from production of hyphae to microsclerotia, and enhanced V. dahliae survival under adverse abiotic stress conditions. Furthermore, VdOMV2 boosted the penetration ability of hyphae through cellophane membranes, while inhibiting the proliferation of V. dahliae hyphae within plants, and negatively modulated genes related to pathogenicity, possibly conferring hypovirulence. Enhancements in penetration and survival not only increase the efficacy of hypovirulent strains in overcoming environmental challenges, but also highlight the potential of VdOMV2-infected strains for managing Verticillium wilt in agricultural settings, thus representing an alternative mycovirus-based biocontrol approach for vascular fungal diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".