An Intervention to Increase Nursing Students' Empathy Levels for People With Disabilities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: People with disabilities (PWD) experience significant health disparities. With more than a quarter of adults in the United States having a disability, it is imperative nursing students gain skills in addressing and preventing these disparities. There is evidence that low levels of empathy among health professionals contributes to these disparities. METHOD: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of role-play simulation and group interactivities on nursing students' empathy levels toward PWD. A mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) design was used to examine differences in empathy scores as measured by the Revised Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale between groups and over time. RESULTS: Data analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in composite empathy scores from pretest to posttest in the intervention group participants who received the role-play simulation and group interactivities. CONCLUSION: This study supports the use of role-play simulation in teaching nursing students' content on caring for PWD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".