An Intervention to Increase Nursing Students' Empathy Levels for People With Disabilities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: People with disabilities (PWD) experience significant health disparities. With more than a quarter of adults in the United States having a disability, it is imperative nursing students gain skills in addressing and preventing these disparities. There is evidence that low levels of empathy among health professionals contributes to these disparities. METHOD: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of role-play simulation and group interactivities on nursing students' empathy levels toward PWD. A mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) design was used to examine differences in empathy scores as measured by the Revised Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale between groups and over time. RESULTS: Data analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in composite empathy scores from pretest to posttest in the intervention group participants who received the role-play simulation and group interactivities. CONCLUSION: This study supports the use of role-play simulation in teaching nursing students' content on caring for PWD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".