Management of diarrhea in solid organ transplantation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diarrhea is a common complaint in solid organ transplant recipients. We review both infectious and noninfectious causes of diarrhea and their management. RECENT FINDINGS: Diagnostics for diarrhea have now commonly incorporated multiplex gastrointestinal panels that provide rapid testing and identification of pathogens. The rate of Clostridium difficile in the transplant population has increased and fidaxomicin is now recommended as the therapy of choice for first episode and recurrences where available. Oral vancomycin remains an alternative. Norovirus is important to rule out in cases of chronic diarrhea. Nitazoxanide has shown mixed results when used as norovirus therapy. SARS-CoV-2, despite being a respiratory virus, can infect gut epithelium and present with diarrhea. Noninfectious causes especially mycophenolate-related as well as inflammatory bowel disease should be in the differential especially when no infectious cause has been identified. SUMMARY: A detailed history, diagnostics including molecular testing and endoscopy, and targeted therapies for infectious causes are the mainstay for management of diarrhea in the transplant recipient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".