Efficient 1,3-Propanediol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysate via g-C3N4-L. Reuteri lighting-driven biohybrid system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• A g-C 3 N 4 / L. reuteri biohybrid was developed for solar-driven 1,3-propanediol synthesis. • Photocatalytic coupling enhanced 1,3-propanediol yield by 66% compared to dark fermentation. • Electron transfer at bio-interface elevated intracellular NADH/NAD + and ATP. • The biohybrid effectively utilized glycerol-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates. A light-responsive biohybrid system was constructed by coupling graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) with Lactobacillus reuteri to enhance 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) biosynthesis. Under simulated sunlight, the g-C 3 N 4 / L. reuteri biohybrid system achieved a 1,3-PDO titer of 11.3 g/L within 48 h in synthesis medium, representing a 66 % increase compared to dark controls (6.8 g/L). Characterization results confirmed strong interfacial coupling and efficient electron transfer between the photocatalyst and microbial cells. Notably, the light-driven biohybrid system increased the intracellular NADH/NAD + ratio and ATP levels by 98.3 % and 378.5 %, respectively, highlighting its ability to regulate redox balance and promote energy metabolism. Furthermore, the hybrid system was further applied using enzymatic hydrolysate of glycerol-pretreated hemp straw as the sole carbon source, replacing the synthesis medium. Impressively, the illuminated biohybrid system still achieved a 1,3-PDO titer of 9.6 g/L, significantly outperforming the non-illuminated control (5.9 g/L). Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using g-C 3 N 4 -assisted biohybrid systems to enhance microbial bioconversion, especially with enzymatic lignocellulosic hydrolysates, offering a sustainable route for value-added chemical production by integrating biomass and solar energy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".