Reel-to-Reel Re-Os Records: Earth System Transactions Preserved in Sediments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A unique feature of the Re-Os isotope system is its ability to provide precise and accurate depositional ages from organic-rich sedimentary rocks. Applications include geologic timescale calibration, stratigraphic correlation, and dating key events such as biological innovations, mass extinctions, carbon cycle perturbations, Snowball Earth glaciations, and atmospheric oxygenation. Multiple sediment types reveal temporal variations in the osmium isotope composition of seawater, driven by changes in osmium inputs from continental weathering, seafloor hydrothermal systems, and extraterrestrial material. These variations provide valuable information on climate–tectonic interactions, glacial–interglacial cycles, large igneous province magmatism, bolide impacts, and crustal evolution. Continental processes can be inferred from lake sediment records. These diverse applications highlight the central role of the Re-Os isotope pair in understanding Earth’s evolution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".