Bibliographic record
Abstract
A foundational assumption in theoretical models of communication is that the derivation of pragmatic meaning involves the calculation of speaker intention and hence relies on a form of Theory of Mind (ToM). Recent theorizing, however, has challenged the conclusion that ToM is required for all types of pragmatic processing. Here, we provide a theoretical synthesis of a wide-ranging but seemingly conflicting set of empirical findings on the role of ToM in pragmatic processing in children and adults, focusing on two key phenomena, reference and implicature. We argue that the state of the art offers no reason to abandon the hypothesis that both adults and children rely on ToM for the computation of pragmatic meanings. We propose that, across these and other pragmatic phenomena, apparent differences in ToM involvement can be attributed to principled and predictable outcomes based on how ToM is applied to the context in hand. We conclude by outlining new ways of studying the contributions of ToM to pragmatic interpretation.This article is part of the theme issue 'At the heart of human communication: new views on the complex relationship between pragmatics and Theory of Mind'.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.030 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".