A 132 GHz SiGe BiCMOS Sampler for Linear Front-Ends
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A linear sampler with integrated clock amplifier is demonstrated in a SiGe BiCMOS process with an$f_{T}$of$\mathbf{4 0 0}$GHz. The track and hold (T/H) core employs a switched emitter follower (SEF) topology with asymmetrically-sized MOSFET switches and has a track-mode bandwidth of 105 GHz, including the input and output buffers. The measured hold-mode isolation is over 20 dB up to 110 GHz. A SFDR of 43.54 dB was measured for$11 \text{GHz}, 0.3 V_{p p}$per side sinusoidal inputs sampled with a 132 GHz clock signal, the highest reported for a silicon sampler. Equipment-limited operation with 192GBaud NRZ and 128GBaud PAM-4 input signals sampled by 96 GHz and 64 GHz clock signals, respectively, is also demonstrated, producing NRZ and PAM-4 outputs with expanded eye openings at 96 GBaud and 64 GBaud, respectively, as required for implementation of the 1-to-2 analog demultiplexer function. The circuit consumes 235 mW from$1.8 ~\mathrm{V}, 2.1 ~\mathrm{V}$and 2.5 V supplies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".