Centrifuge modeling of seepage and pollutant migration of suspended cutoff walls in saturated soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents an investigation of seepage and pollutant migration in a site with suspended cutoff walls through centrifuge model tests with the advantages of reduced scale in time and size at 80 g, employing an independently designed control system. The experimental setup simulated and reproduced the long-term effects of site seepage and continuous non-point source pollution release under a hyper-gravity environment for the first time. It enables in situ and real-time monitoring of variations in pollutant concentration at the base of the downstream cutoff wall. The distribution of seepage and pollutant migration patterns in two types of suspended cutoff wall sites, namely shallow wall (12 m) and deep wall (24 m), was investigated by means of numerical simulations, with the goal of complementing and comparing to the testing data. Results indicate that the suspended cutoff wall prolongs the contaminated seepage path and delays the downstream wall's failure, extending its service life by causing diversion effects of the site and ongoing variations in seepage direction. Although the containment impact on pollutants is greatly improved by deeper walls, the efficiency does not rise in a linear fashion with depth. Numerical simulations were also used to assess and validate the dispersion pattern of the contaminated plume and consequences of site diversion. This study provides a valuable reference for the design of suspended vertical cutoff walls at contaminated sites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".