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Record W4413135935 · doi:10.1139/cgj-2025-0413

Probabilistic quasi-site-specific CPT-based soil classification

2025· article· en· W4413135935 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Geotechnical Journal · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicGeophysical Methods and Applications
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNational Science and Technology Council
KeywordsProbabilistic logicGeotechnical engineeringSoil classificationGeologyEnvironmental scienceSoil scienceSoil waterStatisticsMathematics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The current study compiles a database named CPT-USCS/3/2017 that consists of 2017 pairwise cone penetration test (CPT) versus Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) category data from 228 global sites. The current study also proposes a novel hierarchical Bayesian model (HBM) framework named USCS-HBM to learn the inter-site and intra-site characteristics in the database. The USCS-HBM trained by the database can produce a prior model for the target site, and this prior model is updated by the sparse target-site data into the quasi-site-specific model. The resulting quasi-site-specific model can be adopted to predict USCS categories based on CPT measurements. The proposed USCS-HBM framework explicitly addresses the challenge of site uniqueness in CPT-based soil classification as well as the practical challenge of sparse target-site data. Case studies and extensive cross-validations showed that the proposed USCS-HBM framework can provide meaningful prediction results for USCS categories based on CPT measurements even if the target-site data are sparse.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.882
Threshold uncertainty score0.571

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.247
Teacher spread0.227 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it