Enhancing Structural Resilience for Sustainable Infrastructure: A Global Review of Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation Practices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seismic isolation and energy dissipation systems are essential technologies for enhancing the resilience and sustainability of buildings and infrastructure exposed to earthquake-induced ground motions. By reducing structural damage, protecting non-structural components, and ensuring post-earthquake functionality, these systems contribute to minimizing economic loss, preserving human life, and supporting long-term community resilience. This review focuses exclusively on passive control systems, such as base isolators and damping devices, commonly codified and implemented in current engineering practice. A comprehensive analysis of international design codes and performance-based practices is presented, highlighting the role of these systems in promoting sustainable infrastructure through risk mitigation and extended service life. The study identifies critical gaps in global standards and testing protocols, advocating for harmonized and forward-looking approaches. The findings aim to inform seismic design strategies that align with the principles of environmental, economic, and social sustainability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".