Evaluating the impact of engaging healthcare providers in an AI-based gamified mHealth intervention for improving maternal health outcomes among disadvantaged pregnant women in Lebanon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Maternal health in Lebanon faces significant challenges, particularly among disadvantaged populations, due to limited access to antenatal care (ANC) and a strained healthcare system. While mHealth interventions have improved maternal outcomes globally, few engage healthcare providers (HCPs) or incorporate advanced tools like artificial intelligence (AI) and gamification. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an AI-based, gamified mHealth intervention, Gamification and AI and mHealth Network for Maternal Health Improvement (GAIN MHI), on ANC utilization and maternal and neonatal outcomes in Lebanon. Methods and materials: = 897). Intervention components included AI-driven, gamified HCP professional development via the GAIN MHI app, weekly WhatsApp-based educational messages, and ANC visit reminders. Data on healthcare access (ANC visits, supplement intake, ultrasounds, and lab tests) and outcomes (term delivery, maternal/neonatal complications) were analyzed using logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR). Results: The HCP arm significantly improved healthcare access, with higher odds of attending ≥4 ANC visits (OR = 1.968, 95% CI: 1.575-2.459), completing ≥2 ultrasounds (OR = 3.026, 95% CI: 2.301-3.981), lab test completion (OR = 2.828, 95% CI: 1.894-4.221), and supplement intake (OR = 1.467, 95% CI: 1.221-1.762). Term deliveries were more likely in the HCP arm (OR = 1.360, 95% CI: 1.011-1.289), and neonatal morbidity decreased by 52.15% (OR = 1.521, 95% CI: 1.127-2.051). No improvements were seen in abortion rates, and normal deliveries decreased across intervention arms. Significant baseline demographic differences, including nationality and chronic disease prevalence, were observed between groups. Discussion: Integrating HCPs into an mHealth intervention significantly enhanced ANC uptake and maternal and neonatal outcomes in disadvantaged populations in Lebanon. These findings underscore the importance of combining digital tools with clinical support to address systemic barriers and improve maternal health in resource-limited settings. Future interventions should address delivery practices and broader social determinants of health to achieve sustainable impacts.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".