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Record W4413217212 · doi:10.1108/jmd-11-2024-0375

Exploring the perspectives of leaders and followers on implicit beliefs (both traits and roles) about followers

2025· article· en· W4413217212 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Management Development · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicJob Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFollowershipPsychologyOriginalityScale (ratio)Value (mathematics)Social psychologyCreativityComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Purpose This study explored beliefs about the follower role by comparing leader and follower responses. The purpose was twofold: first, to investigate the implicit follower beliefs and role orientations of leaders and followers in a single study; second, to correlate two implicit belief instruments: the implicit followership scale and the coproduction and passive role orientation scale. Design/methodology/approach This research used a non-experimental, quantitative methodology to test four research questions. Data were gathered by surveying leaders and followers from Canada and the United States. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze the study data and answer the research questions. Findings The study’s results showed a small statistical significance between the two instruments: IFT antiprototypes correlate to and predict assumptions about passive follower orientations. Research limitations/implications The study contributed to the followership, IFT, and role orientation literature, addressed several research gaps, and provided several avenues for future research. Practical implications The study provides valuable insights and actionable knowledge for individuals, teams, and organizations. Individuals who understand their implicit follower beliefs and role orientations can use this knowledge to understand their workplace behavior and interactions with others. Originality/value This research was the first to report on the IFTs and follower role orientations of leaders and followers in the same study and correlate two popular implicit belief scales.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.719
Threshold uncertainty score0.463

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.025
GPT teacher head0.243
Teacher spread0.217 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it