Investigation on the Safety Temperature Boundary After the Shutdown of Cold Transport Pipelines: Based on the XDLVO Theory and Force Balance
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract During the period when the cold transportation pipeline is stopped, the gelled crude oil in the pipeline is prone to adhere and accumulate at the inclined pipe section, adversely impacting operational efficiency. Based on the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) theory and force balance, this article conducts a study on the safety boundary of cold transportation pipelines after shutdown during the period of extremely high water content. The results indicated that the total interaction of gelatinous oil increased with the drop of temperature at low temperatures. The gelatinous oil particles adhering to the wall surface were subjected to the combined action of adhesion force (Fa), net buoyancy (Fg), and yield force (Fy). Moreover, under low-temperature conditions, four kinds of gelled oil particles all displayed a propensity for adhering to the wall. With the increase of temperature, the adhesion state, adhesion-slip state, and flow-slip state of gelatinous oil particles appeared successively on the wall surface. Subsequently, we developed a predictive model for the minimum adhesion-slip temperature of gelled oil particles, achieving an accuracy within 2 °C. The study is of great significance for determining the safety boundary of cold transport pipeline when it is shutdown.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it