Prometheus on the tee: human and non-human conflict in the context of golf
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article considers environmental discourses in golf with the aim of examining how ‘pests’ of various kinds have been perceived and treated in golf, and what this means for human/non-human conflict in leisure activity. Reflecting on our research and writing to date on golf and corporate environmentalism, we contend first that a Promethean discourse, where people are seen as capable and justified in exerting control over nature, was historically evident in advocacy for practices such as DDT spraying in golf course management. Yet such practices faced scrutiny in the postwar years with the rise of the environmental movement – meaning, conflict with pests helped inspire conflicting ideas about the environmental repercussions of human activity. In this context, discourses of sustainability and ecological modernization grew prominent in golf. Compared to Prometheanism, these discourses foreground environmental awareness and responsibility, though we argue that conflict with non-humans remains in their lingering anthropocentricism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.066 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".