A new and simple hydraulic characteristic model of unsaturated rooted soils considering pore creation and non-uniform pore occupation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plant roots affect water retention curve (WRC) and hydraulic conductivity function (HCF) of soils through interaction with their pore structure. The current WRC equations of rooted soils primarily consider uniform pore occupation by roots, even though many studies confirmed that roots occupy only certain macro-pores and at the same time would potentially create new macro-pores. Moreover, equations for capturing root effects on HCF are rare. In this study, a new and simple hydraulic characteristic model (including WRC and HCF) was proposed for unsaturated rooted soils based on the fractal theory. The new model is capable of capturing two important physical processes related to the alteration of pore structure by roots with: non-uniform pore occupation and creation of new macro-pores. Six parameters were needed in the new model, three of which were used to describe the alteration of pore structure by roots, while the other three were for describing the hydraulic properties of bare soils. Validation against seven sets of existing test data demonstrates that the new model performs well in the prediction of WRCs and HCFs of bare and rooted soils with varying soil textures, initial void ratios, suction ranges, and planting conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".