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Record W4413305750 · doi:10.1136/military-2025-002964

Human augmentation to deliver an enhanced and resilient people capability for Defence

2025· review· en· W4413305750 on OpenAlexaff
A. E. Casey, Nathalie Pattyn, Koen Hogenelst, Nicholas J. Armstrong, Yvonne Fonken, Stephen Kemp

Bibliographic record

VenueBMJ Military Health · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicSocial Robot Interaction and HRI
Canadian institutionsUniversité de MontréalCentres Intégré Universitaires de Santé et de Services Sociaux
Fundersnot available
KeywordsResilience (materials science)BusinessMaterials science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

From first tools, to flight, to advances in medicine and biotechnology, enhancing our innate abilities has been a constant goal and militaries the world over have long sought to advance the limits of human performance in their warfighters. Human augmentation (HA) encompasses a wide range of technologies that straddle a diversity of scientific disciplines and maturity levels, including wearable assistive technologies such as exoskeletons, neurotechnology, pharmacology, telexistence and genetics. Recent and rapid advances in life sciences and biotechnology and the convergence of fields such as artificial intelligence, robotics and medicine present us with a radically different opportunity for optimising and enhancing human performance. HA can be considered a potentially important strategy underpinning our ability to fight and win wars, by making soldiers more lethal and better able to survive. This paper is based on the HA thematic session held at the 6th International Congress on Soldiers' Physical Performance (ICSPP) in London in 2023. It considers aspects of HA of interest to participating nations and provides a state-of-the-art review of HA from a military perspective by experts engaged in this area. It considers the development of capability requirements, ethical, legal and social aspects and candidate HA technologies, one with ancient roots but modern applications for Defence (pharmacological augmentation) and one emerging area (non-invasive brain stimulation). HA offers a number of benefits, opportunities and challenges to the Defence community. Deployment of these technologies must take place within the boundaries of a nation's core values and beliefs, the rules-based international order and the freedoms that underpin their militaries' moral and ethical foundations.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.952
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.109
GPT teacher head0.545
Teacher spread0.435 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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