How to measure statistical evidence and its strength: Bayes factors or relative belief ratios?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Both the Bayes factor and the relative belief ratio satisfy the principle of evidence and are therefore valid measures of statistical evidence. Which of these measures of evidence is more appropriate? We argue here that there are questions concerning the validity of a commonly used definition of the Bayes factor based on a mixture prior, and when all is considered, the relative belief ratio has better properties as a measure of evidence. We further show that, when a natural restriction on the mixture prior is imposed, the Bayes factor equals the relative belief ratio obtained without using the mixture prior. Even with this restriction, this still leaves open the question of how the strength of evidence is to be measured. We argue here that the current practice of using the size of the Bayes factor to measure strength is not correct and present a solution. We also discuss and address several general criticisms of these measures of evidence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.149 | 0.539 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.018 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.028 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.035 |
| Open science | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.014 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".