Record W4413334505 · doi:10.1175/2025bamsstateoftheclimate_intro.1

Introduction

2025· article· en· W4413334505 on OpenAlexaff

Jessica Blunden, James Reagan, Robert Dunn, Melanie Ades, Mohamed Adjou, Robert E. Adler, Susheel Adusumilli, William Agyakwah, Laura S. Aldeco, Mihai Alexe, Eric J. Alfaro, Richard P. Allan, Teddy Allen, Adam Allgood, Lincoln Muniz Alves, Jorge A. Amador, Charles Amory, John Anderson, Bianca Ott Andrade, Orlane Anneville, Yasuyuki Aono, Anthony Argüez, Dolors Armenteras, Carlo Arosio, Parvaneh Asgharzadeh, Elizabeth Asher, Thomas G. Askjaer, John Augustine, Grinia Ávalos, César Azorín-Molina, Oscar M. Baez‐Villanueva, Rebecca Baiman, Thomas J. Ballinger, Arti Bandgar, Alison F. Banwell, M. Yu. Bardin, Jonathan Barichivich, Alexandre Baron, Sandra Barreira, Claire Basckenstrass, Rebecca L. Beadling, Marc Beauchemin, Hylke E. Beck, Emily Becker, B. D. Beckley, E. Bekele, Ashley Bellas-Manley, Nicolas Bellouin, Angela Benedetti, Christine Berne, Logan T. Berner, G. Bernhard, Uma S. Bhatt, Siiri Bigalke, Rocky Bilotta, Peter Bissolli, Jarle W. Bjerke, Eric S. Blake, Josh Blannin, Stephen Blenkinsop, Angela C. Bliss, Oliver Bochníček, Olivier Bock, Xavier Bodín, Olivier Bonte, Michael G. Bosilovich, Oliviér Boucher, Kevin Bowman, Jason E. Box, Mike Brady, Brian Brettschneider, Kyle Brittain, Brandon Bukunt, Ayaka Bunno, Amy H. Butler, Michael P. Byrne, Blanca Calderón, Suzana J. Camargo, Jayaka Campbell, Diego Campos, Fabrizio Cappucci, Laura Carrea, Brendan R. Carter, Jesús Casado-Rodríguez, Ana Casella, Ivona Cetinić, D. P. Chambers, Duo Chan, Elise Chandler, Kai‐Lan Chang, Candice S. Charlton, Hua Chen, Lin Chen, Lijing Cheng, Vincent Y. S. Cheng, Hanne H. Christiansen, John R. Christy, Eui‐Seok Chung, Laura M. Ciasto, Leonardo A. Clarke, Kyle R. Clem, Scott Clingan, Caio A. S. Coelho, Melanie Coldewey‐Egbers, Steve Colwell, Sarah Cooley, Owen R. Cooper, Richard Cornes, Kris Correa, Felipe Costa, Curt Covey, Lawrence Coy, Alex Crawford, Jean‐François Crétaux, Theresa M. Crimmins, Molly Crotwell, Joshua Culpepper, Ana Paula Martins do Amaral Cunha, Diego Cusicanqui, Rajashree Tri Datta, Sean Davis, Veerle De Bock, Richard de Jeu, Jos de Laat, Bertrand Decharme, D. A. Degenstein, Reynald Delaloye, Chris Derksen, Enza Di Tomaso, Howard J. Diamond, Shiva Dindyal, Dmitry Divine, Martin T. Dokulil, Markus G. Donat, Shenfu Dong, Wouter Dorigo, Matthew L. Druckenmiller, Marcel du Plessis, Hilary A. Dugan, Dashkhuu Dulamsuren, Imke Durre, G. S. Dutton, Paola Echeverría Garcés, Peter Effertz, Mithat Ekici, Alesksandra Elias Chereque, M. ElKharrim, Sven‐Erik Enno, Howard E. Epstein, Jhan Carlo Espinoza, Thomas W. Estilow, Nicole Estrella, S. L. Farrell, Nicolas Fauchereau, Robert S. Fausto, Richard A. Feely, Chris Fenimore, David Fereday, Vitali Fioletov, Johannes Flemming, Chris Fogarty, Ryan L. Fogt, Bruce C. Forbes, Brendan Forde, Maud Formanek, Michael J. Foster, Bryan A. Franz, Thomas Frederikse, H. A. Fricker, S. M. Frith, L. Froidevaux, Gerald V. Frost, Steven Fuhrman, Martin Füllekrug, Thomas Gallemann, Catherine Ganter, Meng Gao, Judith Garforth, Jay Garg, Sebastian Gerland, Artur Gevorgyan, Darren Ghent, Donata Giglio, Karin Gleason, Nadine Gobron, Stanley B. Goldenberg, Amee Gollop, Elizabeth Good, Steven M. Goodman, Atsushi Goto, Garrett Graham, Stefania Grimaldi, Jens‐Uwe Grooß, Alexander Gruber, Guojun Gu, Mauro Guglielmin, Shekoofeh Haghdoost, Sebastian Hahn, Leopold Haimberger, S. Hakmi, B. D. Hall, B. D. Hamlington, Alyce M. Hancock, Edward Hanna, Merritt E. Harlan, Daniel S. Harnos, Bethan L. Harris, Ian A. Harris, Qiong He, Deborah Hemming, Stefan Hendricks, Hugo G. Hidalgo, Shu‐peng Ho, Will Hobbs, Rebecca Holliday, R. H. Holzworth, Radley Horton, Stephen Howell, Filip Hrbáček, Guojie Hu, Zeng‐Zhen Hu, Boyin Huang, Iolanda Ialongo, Antje Inness, Ketil Isaksen, Annika Jersild, Svetlana Jevrejeva, Bhaskar Jha, Gensuo Jia, Viju O. John, William E. Johns, Bjørn Johnsen, B. J. Johnson, Gregory C. Johnson, P. D. Jones, Simon A. Josey, Guillaume Jumaux, Robert Junod, Andreas Kääb, K. Kabidi, Johannes W. Kaiser, Lars Kaleschke, Viktor Kaufmann, Amin Fazl Kazemi, Linda M. Keller, Andreas Kellerer‐Pirklbauer, Michael Kendon, John Kennedy, Elizabeth C. Kent, Yelena Khalatyan, V. M. Khan, Sergey Khaykin, Mai Van Khiem, Richard Kidd, Rachel Killick, Seong‐Joong Kim, Zak Kipling, Christoph Kittel, Philip J. Klotzbach, Shobha Kondragunta, Natalia N. Korshunova, Dávid Kovács, Katie Kowal, Benjamin M. Kraemer, N. A. Kramarova, Andries Kruger, Arun Kumar, Mikael Kuusela, Michelle L’Heureux, Alo Laas, Zachary M. Labe, Rick Lader, Leslie R. Lait, Mónika Lakatos, Kaisa Lakkala, Hoang Phuc Lam, Tarron Lamont, Xin Lan, Felix W. Landerer, Peter Landschützer, Chris Landsea, Kathleen Lantz, Mark J. Lara, Waldo Lavado‐Casimiro, David A. Lavers, Matthieu Le Hénaff, Simon H. Lee, Eric M. Leibensperger, Johanna Lems, Chris Lennard, E. W. Leuliette, Eric S. Levenson, Renata Libonati, JL Lieser, Ben Liley, I.‐I. Lin, Xuefeng Liu, Y. T. Eunice Lo, Ricardo Locarnini, Norman G. Loeb, Lindsey N. Long, Bryant Loomis, Hosmay Lopez, Andrew M. Lorrey, Diego Loyola, Rui Lü, Yuk Sing Lui, Rick Lumpkin, Jing‐Jia Luo, Kari Luojus, John M. Lyman, Matthew J. Macander, Gregor Macara, Michael MacFerrin, Michelle Maclennan, Andrew D. Magee, Florence Magnin, Rúna Í. Magnússon, Jostein Mamen, Kenneth D. Mankoff, José A. Marengo, Robert A. Massom, Shin‐ichiro S. Matsuzaki, Tom Matthews, Michael Mayer, Chris McBride, J. W. McClelland, Tim R. McVicar, C. A. Mears, Brooke Medley, Walter N. Meier, Ademe Mekonnen, Annette Menzel, Christopher J. Merchant, M. A. Merrifield, Michael F. Meyer, David E. Mikolajczyk, James Milward, Caitlin Minney, Diego G. Miralles, Alexey Mishonov, Gary T. Mitchum, Ben Moat, Marjan Mohammadi, Aurel Moise, Jorge Molina‐Carpio, Martín Montenegro, Paul Montesano, Stephan A. Montzka, Twila Moon, Natali Mora, Ana Morata Gasca, Colin Morice, Isamu Morino, Gary A. Morris, A. E. Mostafa, Thomas L. Mote, Herdis Motrøen Gjelten, Ivan Mrekaj, Lawrence Mudryk, Jens Mühle, Rolf Müller, David Nance, C. S. R. Neigh, R. S. Nerem, Paul A. Newman, Julien P. Nicolas, Jeannette Noetzli, T. Nomenjanahary, Taylor Norton, Kelsey E. Nyland, John O’Keefe, Mitsuho Oe, Jessica Erin Ollinik, Timothy J. Osborn, James E. Overland, Yutong Pan, Mark Parrington, Richard J. Pasch, Reynaldo Pascual Ramírez, Cécile Pellet, Mauri Pelto, Elyse A. Pennington, Renellys C. Perez, Donald K. Perovich, Kyle Petersen, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Alek Petty, Alexandre Bernardes Pezza, Luciano Ponzi Pezzi, Coda Phillips, Gareth K. Phoenix, Donald C. Pierson, Izidine Pinto, Stephen Po–Chedley, Paolo Pogliotti, Kristin Poinar, Lorenzo M. Polvani, Wolfgang Preimesberger, Colin Price, Merja Pulkkanen, William J. Randel, Marilyn Raphael, Colin Raymond, Phillip Reid, Samuel Rémy, Lucrezia Ricciardulli, Andrew D. Richardson, Robert Ricker, Patricia P. Rivera, David A. Robinson, M. Robjhon, Matthew Rodell, Nemesio Rodríguez-Fernández, Maarit Roebeling, Cassandra D. W. Rogers, P. Rohini, V. E. Romanovsky, Josyane Ronchail, Matthew Rosencrans, Karen H. Rosenlof, Alexei Rozanov, Jozef Rozkošný, F. Rubek, Оlga O. Rusanovskaya, This Rutishauser, Thomas Ryan‐Keogh, C. T. Sabeerali, Tetsu Sakai, Péter Salamon, Roberto Salinas, Ahira Sánchez-Lugo, M. L. Santee, Hirotaka Sato, P. Sawaengphokhai, Johan H. Scheller, Verena Schenzinger, Robert W. Schlegal, Claudia Schmid, Martin Schmid, Carl J. Schreck, C. Schulz, Zewdu Segele, Serhat Şensoy, Ji-In Seong, Julieta Serna Cuenca, Mark C. Serreze, Fumi Sezaki, Xi Shao, Sapna Sharma, Jia‐Rui Shi, Lei Shi, A. I. Shiklomanov, N. I. Shiklomanov, Svetlana V. Shimaraeva, Ryuichiro Shinohara, Rajni Shukla, Eugene A. Silow, F. Sima, A. J. Simmons, Bikram Singh, David Smeed, Adam Smith, B. E. Smith, Katie Smith, Ryan H. Smith, Sharon L. Smith, Brian J. Soden, Viktoria Sofieva, Logan Soldo, Everaldo Barreiros de Souza, Sabrina Speich, Jacqueline Spence-Hemmings, Robert G. M. Spencer, Sandra Spillane, O. P. Sreejith, Ashok Srivastava, Paul W. Stackhouse, Sharon Stammerjohn, Ryan M. Stauffer, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Andrea K. Steiner, José Luis Stella, Tannecia S. Stephenson, Tara Stevens, Paul C. Stoy, D. A. Streletskiy, Thea Sukianto, Anya Suslova, Tove Svendby, William E. Sweet, Alif Akbar Syafrianno, Ghassan Taha, Kiyotoshi Takahashi, Kazuto Takemura, Suzanne E. Tank, Michael A. Taylor, Marco Tedesco, Stephen J. Thackeray, Wassila M. Thiaw, Emmanuel Thibert, Sandy Thomalla, Richard Thoman, Philip R. Thompson, Xiangshan Tian-Kunze, Mary-Louise Timmermans, Maxim Timofeyev, Hans Tømmervik, Kleareti Tourpali, Mikhail Tretiakov, Blair Trewin, Joaquín Triñanes, Emma Tronquo, Adrian Trotman, Ryan E. Truchelut, Luke D. Trusel, Franz Philip Tuchen, Maroš Turňa, Mari R. Tye, John Uehling, Rubén Urraca, Ronald van der A, Roderick van der Linden, Gerard van der Schrier, Cédric J. Van Meerbeeck, A.J.H. van Vliet, Greta VanScoy, Ahad Vazifeh, Karen L. Veal, Piet Verburg, Jean-Paul Vernier, Isaac Vimont, R. Virasami, B. Viticchiè, Sebastián Vivero, Denis L. Volkov, Holger Vömel, Russell S. Vose, Christine F. Waigl, Donald A. Walker, John E. Walsh, Bin Wang, Donqian Wang, Hui Wang, Muyin Wang, Ray H. J. Wang, Rik Wanninkhof, Abigail Marie Waring, Taran Warnock, Mark Weber, Melinda Webster, Zigang Wei, Robert A. Weller, Toby K. Westberry, Matthew J. Widlansky, D. N. Wiese, Jeannette Wild, Jonathan Wille, An Willems, Kate M. Willett, Earle Williams, J. K. Willis, Takmeng Wong, Kimberly M. Wood, Tom Wood, R. Iestyn Woolway, John R. Worden, Dedi Yang, Kai Yang, Ying Yang, Xungang Yin, Lisan Yu, Zhenzhong Zeng, Huai‐Min Zhang, Peiqun Zhang, Lin Zhao, Zhiwei Zhu, J. R. Ziemke, Markus Ziese, Scott Zolkos, Ruxandra-Maria Zotta, Cheng‐Zhi Zou

Bibliographic record

VenueBulletin of the American Meteorological Society · 2025

Typearticle

Languageen

Field

Topic

Canadian institutionsUniversity of ReginaUniversity of AlbertaNatural Resources CanadaUniversity of SaskatchewanUniversity of ManitobaUniversity of TorontoYork UniversityGeological Survey of CanadaEnvironment and Climate Change Canada

Fundersnot available

KeywordsEnvironmental scienceGeology

DOI10.1175/2025bamsstateoftheclimate_intro.1

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.

No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001

metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005

Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated

Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)

Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)

DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none

Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable

GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other

Teacher disagreement score0.477

Threshold uncertainty score0.680

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

Category	Codex	Gemma
Metaresearch	0.001	0.005
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)	0.001	0.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)	0.000	0.001
Bibliometrics	0.002	0.002
Science and technology studies	0.001	0.001
Scholarly communication	0.004	0.002
Open science	0.002	0.002
Research integrity	0.001	0.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)	0.523	0.374

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008

GPT teacher head0.247

Teacher spread0.239 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work

Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it