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Security measures in Afghanistan's criminal policy

2025· article· en· W4413339162 on OpenAlexaff
Abdul Karim Skandari

Bibliographic record

VenueScientific-Research Quarterly Journal of Law Knowledge · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicPolitics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Canadian institutions123 Certification (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPolitical scienceCriminologyComputer securityPublic administrationPsychologyComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Precautionary measures are measures taken by the court to reform and rehabilitate the offender and prevent him from reoffending, taking into account the dangerous state. Although these measures were initially established to prevent crime and as an alternative to punishment, today they are a type of lenient punishment that is adopted and applied by the justice and judicial system to dangerous criminals after the crime has been committed. Given its dual nature (preventive and intimidatory aspects), preventive measures have both similarities and advantages with other social reactions. The Afghan legislator has foreseen provisions related to preventive measures in several articles of the former Penal Code and the Penal Code, and has addressed both aspects of preventive measures, and has considered the purpose of its creation to be the education and reform of the accused or convicted person, his readaptation to social life, and the prevention of the occurrence and repetition of crimes, taking into account the dangerous state. The scope of security measures is broad and includes a wide range of measures, from measures depriving of liberty to measures restricting freedom, measures depriving of rights and economic measures. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, has examined the definition and nature of security measures, their objectives, implementation conditions and cases from the perspective of the Afghan Criminal Code.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.030
Threshold uncertainty score0.071

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0070.007
Scholarly communication0.0040.002
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.092
GPT teacher head0.458
Teacher spread0.366 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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