Deteriorating structural integrity of Pine Island Glacier’s Southern Ice Shelf (2017–23) identified with satellite-derived surface deformation, ice velocity and strain rates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Since the 1990s, Pine Island Glacier (PIG) has been a focal point of research due to its vulnerability within the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Decades of research have interrogated this dynamic glacier system with a focus on its main trunk and the ice shelf section bordering and stabilizing PIG to the south (the ‘south shelf’), receiving comparatively less attention. Using satellite-derived observations from 2017 to 2023, we document marked dynamic changes on the south shelf, particularly following PIG’s 2018 calving event, which removed >60 km 2 of ice from this section. Measurements of surface deformation, ice velocity and strain rates from synthetic aperture radar and optical imagery show localized acceleration and structural weakening of the south shelf near-coincident with this loss. Our findings, highlighting the role of peripheral ice shelves in glacier-system stability, suggest that PIG’s new configuration—characterized by weakening margins and a compromised south shelf—may result in a geometry that grows progressively unstable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".