Phylogenetic Analysis of <i>Scaphoideus</i> Reveals New Insights Into the Invasion History of <i>Scaphoideus titanus</i> (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) in Europe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The genus Scaphoideus is one of the most diverse groups in Deltocephalinae with significant pest species, including the American grapevine leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball, the vector of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma in European grapevines. Despite the diversity and the agricultural importance of these species, limited information regarding the phylogenetic relationships of Scaphoideus species is available. Furthermore, although S. titanus is one of the most important pest of grapevine in Europe, details on its intraspecific genetic variation are limited to only a few studies based on single mitochondrial markers. By sequencing the complete mitochondrial genomes of S. incisus Osborn, S. melanotus Osborn, S. minor Osborn, S. nigrisignus Li, and S. titanus , we examined the phylogenetic relationships among these species. We specifically investigated the genetic differences between S. titanus populations from North America and Europe to reveal new insights on the invasion history of this species in Europe. Based on our dataset, two distinct genetic clades of S. titanus with more than 10% pairwise genetic distance were identified in the native range: one comprising Midwestern USA and Quebec, Canada and a second one with individuals from Ontario, Canada. Morphological analysis of the aedeagus showed differences between the two clades, suggesting that they should be considered as different species. Invasive European populations share high mitochondrial similarity with those from Ontario, supporting the hypothesis that the invasion originated from this region. Our data reveal new insights into the invasion history of this important pest species and highlight the need for a taxonomic revision of the S. titanus species complex.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".