Velocity Fluctuation and Force Scaling During Driven Polymer Transport through a Nanopore
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inspired by its central role in many biological processes, transport of biopolymers across nanoscale pores is at the heart of single-molecule sensing technologies aimed at nucleic acid and protein sequencing as well as biomarker detection. When electrophoretically driven through a pore by an electric potential gradient, a translocating polymer hinders the flow of ions, producing a transient current blockage signature that can be mapped to its physicochemical properties. Although investigated theoretically and through simulations, few experimental studies have attempted to validate predicted transport properties, mainly due to the complex nature of the nonequilibrium translocation process. Herein, we elucidate these fundamental concepts by constructing a patterned DNA nanostructure whose current signatures allow measurement of the instantaneous velocity throughout the translocation process and its dependence on experimental parameters such as polymer length, pore size, and voltage. With simple physical insights from polymer and fluid dynamics, we show how experimental molecular velocity profiles can be used to investigate the nanoscale forces at play and allow testing of the validity and limitations of theoretical concepts from Tension Propagation models. In addition to bridging experiments and theory, the knowledge of the velocity fluctuation and force scalings acquired from the extensive experimental data presented here can assist researchers in designing nanopore experiments with an optimized sensing performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".