3D Printed Galilean Telescope for Low-Vision Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low vision is a condition in which a person experiences a significant loss of visual acuity or visual field that ordinary glasses, surgery, or medication cannot correct. Individuals suffering from this condition struggle to perform daily tasks, even when using glasses or contact lenses. In some cases, telescopes are recommended for patients with low vision diagnosis because they could help them improve their quality of life. Therefore, we propose a 3D-printed Galilean telescope for low-vision patients, accessible to both the vulnerable and nonvulnerable sectors of the population, with the advantages that the fabrication time, cost, and weight are considerably reduced. The performance of the 3D-printed Galilean telescope was evaluated by comparing it to an identical N-BK7 glass Galilean telescope design, obtaining a difference of 0.49 lp/mm in optical resolution. Clinical results from a patient with low vision, obtained as part of a proof-of-concept study, showed that the 3D-printed Galilean telescope improved the patient’s visual acuity, increasing it by up to 4 lines on the LEA numbers, from 10/80 to 10/32. Additionally, the 3D telescope enhanced the patient’s contrast sensitivity, improving it from 6 cpd (cycles per degree) level 8 to 18 cpd level 4.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".