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Application of Cryptography for Controllability Results of Fractional Neutral Volterra-Fredholm Integro-Differential Equations with State-Dependent Delay

2025· article· en· W4413381232 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Prabakaran Raghavendran, Tharmalingam Gunasekar, Ahmad Aloqaily, Nabil Mlaiki

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Analysis and Applications · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMathematics
TopicDifferential Equations and Numerical Methods
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersPrince Sultan University
KeywordsControllabilityMathematicsState (computer science)Applied mathematicsCryptographyMathematical analysisControl theory (sociology)Computer scienceControl (management)AlgorithmArtificial intelligence

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper utilizes the Caputo fractional derivative and a semigroup of compact and analytic operators to examine the controllability of fractional Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations with state-dependent delay. Controllability results are formulated using Schauder’s fixed point theorem, addressing the inherent difficulties brought about by the fractional dynamics together with state-dependent delays. The theoretical findings are validated through a detailed example and numerical simulations, demonstrating the convergence of solutions. Graphical representations are provided to better understand solution dynamics and highlight system complexity. Additionally, the applicability of the proposed system for cryptographic key generation is explored, showing that it can generate secure, unpredictable keys due to its chaotic behavior, sensitivity to initial conditions, and the interplay between key system parameters.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.001
Threshold uncertainty score0.004

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.360
Teacher spread0.341 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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