Plasma Markers of Astrocytic and Axonal Integrity in Idiopathic/Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD) as Predictors of Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration, astrogliosis, and neuroinflammation have been studied as potential biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated whether these markers may predict phenoconversion to Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in idiopathic/isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). METHODS: In this longitudinal, single-center, iRBD cohort study (enrolled 2004-2022), plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), neurofilament light chain (NfL), snare-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), and chitinase 3-like protein (YKL-40) were measured using NeuroToolKit (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd). Associations between baseline plasma biomarkers and eventual development of manifest synucleinopathy during follow-up (up to 11 years) were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 143 iRBD participants (110 male, 67.7 ± 8.0 years) were included. Compared with non-phenoconverters, DLB-converters had higher baseline GFAP (0.115 vs. 0.071 ng/ml, P = 0.002) and NfL (3.55 vs. 2.51 pg/ml, P = 0.010). Baseline levels predicted DLB using non-phenoconverters without mild cognitive impairment as reference with area under the curve (AUC) = 0.79 for GFAP and 0.84 for NfL. CONCLUSION: Higher plasma GFAP and NfL were associated with increased risk of developing DLB in prodromal synucleinopathies. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".