Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for patients with degenerative spinal disorders and maladaptive psychological processes: an observational study
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Patients living with chronic pain may experience maladaptive psychological processes that include depression, somatization, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, and anxiety. Spine surgery in the setting of maladaptive psychological processes can lead to poor outcomes, but intervention with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), which is a specific form of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), may provide benefits. Our objective was to evaluate the preliminary effectiveness of ACT for patients with degenerative spinal disorders awaiting surgery. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of data that were collected at a single academic center. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected before and after ACT, while awaiting spine surgery: Patient Health Questionnaire 9 item (PHQ-9) for depression, Patient Health Questionnaire 15 item (PHQ-15) for somatization, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 Item Scale (GAD-7), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist, Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), and Pain Disability Index (PDI). Results: Among the 63 patients, ACT was associated with significant improvements for depression [mean change -3.3, standard deviation (SD) 6.5, P<0.001], somatization (mean change -2.9, SD 4.1, P<0.001), kinesiophobia (mean change -6.1, SD 10.8, P<0.001), catastrophizing (mean change -9.9, SD 14.8, P<0.001), anxiety (mean change -2.1, SD 6.2, P=0.007), injustice (mean change -5.5, SD 8.5, P<0.001), and pain disability (mean change -6.4, SD 17.4, P<0.001), but not PTSD (mean change -3.5, SD 14.3, P=0.06). Conclusions: ACT prior to spine surgery may be associated with significant improvements for many maladaptive psychological processes. These results suggest that implementation of ACT in clinical practice could be appropriate and that further research to understand effects on outcomes after surgery is warranted.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it