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Record W4413408238 · doi:10.1002/sd.70145

Nudging Into the Future of Immersive Reality: A Systematic Review of Sustainability‐Orientated Nudges in Policy and the Future Role of Extended Reality ( <scp>XR</scp> )

2025· review· en· W4413408238 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueSustainable Development · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicEconomic and Environmental Valuation
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British Columbia
FundersMeta Research
KeywordsNudge theorySustainabilityMixed realityVirtual realityComputer sciencePsychologyHuman–computer interactionSocial psychologyBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT Sustainability issues are highly complex and constantly evolving, posing significant challenges for effective management. Addressing these challenges requires innovative policies, such as digital innovations like extended reality (XR) and the application of psychological insights through nudges. This paper examines the intersection of social and behavioral sciences, focusing on how immersive technologies can be used to design and implement nudges for sustainable behavior. We conduct a review and meta‐analysis of nudge effectiveness to better understand sustainability behavior, categorizing nudges as cognitive, affective, or behavior‐oriented. Cognitive nudges are the most studied ( n : 99) but have mixed results (54% positive), while behavioral nudges ( n : 50) are more effective (70% positive). XR studies testing cognitive ( n : 3) and behavioral ( n : 4) nudges generally show positive outcomes, but research on affective nudges is limited (overall n : 15, XR n : 0), likely due to difficulties in testing emotional interventions. XR can enhance cognitive nudges by reducing information processing barriers and expand behavioral nudges by offering convenience not possible in the physical world. Immersive technologies also present new opportunities to test affective nudges by creating virtual scenarios that evoke empathy and social connections. We conclude by emphasizing the need to prioritize ethical considerations in using immersive technologies.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.006
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Systematic review · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.690
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0060.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0040.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.261
Teacher spread0.243 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it